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??? ???? ???? ????? ????
????? ????? ???????? ?????. ??? ??? 960? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??
????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? (960 - 1279?). ??????? ???? ???? ???
???? ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????
???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????
??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ?? ?????
??????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??
??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????
????? ???? ?? ????? ???????.
??? ???????? ????? ???????
??? ??? 1206? ??? ??? 1271? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????
???? ???? (1271 - 1368?)? ?????? ???? (???? ?????) ????? ???. ?????
????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????
?????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????. ?? ?????
????? ???????? ???????? ???????? "?????????? ???????" ?????
?????????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??
????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????
??????.
??? ??? 1368? ??? ??? ????
????? (?????????? ??? ???) ???? ???? (1368 - 1644?) ?? ???????.
???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? (1360- 1424?)? ??? ???? ????? ?????
???? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??
??? 1421 ?????. ??? ???? 1405 - 1433?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??
??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???????
?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????
???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? (???????) ??????? ????????? ????
????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????????.
??? ????? ???? ????? ????
????? ??? (????????) ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? (1644 -
1911?) ?? ??? 1644? ?????? ???? ????? ???. ???? ???????? ?? ????
????? ?? ???? ?? (???? ???? ?? 1661 – 1722?). ???? ????? ??????
???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????????. ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????
???? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????
??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????. ???? ??????? ????
????? ????? ?????? 11 ????? ?? ????.
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